active mutant yap 5sa yap vectors  (Addgene inc)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Constitutive YAP activation forms SOX2 − cell clusters in the VZ at E18.5. ( A ) Schematic representation of the retroviral vector MSIG used in this study. Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) allows bicistronic expression of YAP 5SA and GFP, and MSIG expressing only GFP without an insert gene was used as a control. LTR, long terminal repeat; MCS, multicloning site. ( B, D ) Fluorescent microscopy of coronal sections of E16.5 embryonic brains that were intraventricularly injected at E13.5 with retroviral vectors expressing YAP 5SA. Gene-transferred cells were labeled with ( B ) anti-GFP antibody alone, or ( D ) a combination of anti-GFP (green) and anti-SOX2 (red) antibodies. ( F, H ) E18.5 brains injected at E13.5 were labeled using ( F ) only anti-GFP or ( H ) anti-GFP (green) and anti-SOX2 (red) primary antibodies. ( C, E, G ) Quantification of ( B, D, F ). Scale bars, 50 μm for ( B, D, H ) and 100 μm for ( F ). LV, lateral ventricle; VZ, ventricular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone; IZ, intermediate zone; CP, cortical plate; MZ, marginal zone. Error bars represent SD. Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Retroviral, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Control, Microscopy, Injection, Labeling

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Constitutive YAP activation induces productive GFAP + cell generation at late embryonic periods in a non-cell autonomous fashion. ( A, B, D ) Neocortex or ( C ) ganglionic eminence ( G, E ) regions of E18.5 brains transduced with YAP 5SA retroviruses at E13.5 were double-labeled with the indicated antibodies. ( D ) Single plane confocal image of YAP 5SA-transduced E18.5 neocortex stained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-GFAP (red) antibodies, and the corresponding 14 μm z-stack view (top) at the position of the red line. Scale bars, 25 μm for ( D ), 50 μm for ( A, C ), and 100 μm for ( B ). LV, lateral ventricle.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transduction, Labeling, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heat-labile soluble factor(s) mediates YAP 5SA-induced astrogenesis in vitro . ( A ) Immunostaining using anti-GFAP after in vitro differentiation of co-cultured cells. E13.5 neural progenitor cells transduced with YAP 5SA retroviruses were mixed with untransduced neural progenitor cells at a ratio of 1:5 (transduced:untransduced) and then cultured in differentiation medium for 3 days. Quantification of ( A ) is shown in ( B ). ( C ) GFP (green) and GFAP (red) double immunostaining of cells differentiated under the same experimental conditions as ( A ). ( D ) Untransduced E13.5 neural progenitor cells were cultured in differentiation medium prepared by mixing conditioned medium (CM) of YAP 5SA-transduced neural progenitor culture and fresh differentiation medium in a 1:1 ratio. CM HI , heat-inactivated (56 °C for 30 min) CM. ( E ) Quantification of ( D ). The DAPI nuclear counterstain is shown in blue in ( A, D ). Scale bars, 100 μm for ( A, D ), and 200 μm for ( C ). Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunostaining, Cell Culture, Transduction, Double Immunostaining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ability of YAP 5SA to induce astrogenesis is nuclear localization-dependent. ( A ) Neocortical regions of E18.5 brains injected with YAP retroviruses at E13.5 were double-labeled with anti-GFP (green) and anti-Myc tag (red) antibodies. White arrowheads indicate GFP + /Myc tag − cells ( B ) Expression pattern of endogenous YAP (top) and phosphorylated form of YAP proteins (bottom) in the VZ at E14.5 were analyzed by immunostaining. ( C ) Schematic diagram showing the domain structures of YAP 5SA. ( D ) Expression of Myc-tagged YAP 5SA and PDZ-binding motif-deleted YAP 5SA (YAP 5SAΔPDZ) genes in transduced HEK 293 T cells was confirmed by Western blotting. ( E, F ) E18.5 brains transduced with YAP 5SA retroviruses at E13.5 were harvested and immunostained using ( E ) anti-Myc tag antibody to test nuclear localization, or ( F ) combination of anti-GFP and anti-GFAP antibodies to test astrogenic ability. ( G ) Immunostaining using anti-GFAP antibody after an in vitro differentiation assay. E13.5 neural progenitor cells transduced with YAP retroviruses were mixed with untransduced neural progenitor cells at a ratio of 1:5 (transduced: untransduced) and then cultured in differentiation medium for 3 days. Quantification is shown in ( H ). The DAPI nuclear counterstain is shown in blue in ( B, E, G ). Scale bars, 10 μm for ( E ), 25 μm for ( A, F ), 50 μm for ( B ), and 200 μm for ( G ). Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. ** P < 0.01; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Injection, Labeling, Expressing, Immunostaining, Binding Assay, Western Blot, Transduction, In Vitro, Differentiation Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: TEAD-dependent transcriptional activation is associated with astrogenic activity of YAP 5SA. ( A ) Schematic diagram showing the location of mutations (red arrows) disrupting interaction with TEAD family transcription factors and WW domain functions in the YAP gene. ( B ) Expression of Myc-tagged YAP 5SA derivative mutants in transduced HEK 293 T cells was confirmed by Western blotting using an anti-Myc tag antibody. ( C ) Confocal microscopy images of wild-type and mutant YAP 5SA-transduced E18.5 neocortices stained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-GFAP (red) antibodies, and the corresponding Z-stack view (bottom) at the position of the red line. ( D ) An in vitro differentiation assay was performed after mixing retrovirally transduced E13.5 primary neural progenitor cells with untransduced cells at a ratio of 1:5, and GFAP immunostaining was carried out at 3 days postdifferentiation. ( E ) Quantification of ( D ). Scale bars, 25 μm for ( C ) and 100 μm for ( D ). Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. *** P < 0.001; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Mutagenesis, Staining, In Vitro, Differentiation Assay, Immunostaining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: YAP 5SA-expressing cells produce CNTF. ( A ) E13.5 primary neural progenitor cells were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing YAP 5SA and incubated in differentiation medium. After 2 days, mRNA expression levels of indicated astrogenesis-related ligand genes were measured by qPCR. ( B ) Western blot analysis of YAP 5SA-transduced neural progenitor cell lysates using an anti-CNTF antibody. ( C ) E18.5 brains transduced with YAP 5SA retroviruses at E13.5 were harvested and double-immunostained using anti-GFP (green) and anti-CNTF (red) antibodies. ( D ) 14 μm z-stack view (right) at the position of the red line. ( E, F ) The ability of indicated YAP 5SA mutants to induce CNTF expression was tested by qPCR under the same experimental conditions as in ( A ). ( G ) Untransduced E13.5 neural progenitor cells were cultured in the differentiation medium containing conditioned medium of YAP 5SA-transduced neural progenitor culture with or without neutralizing antibodies against CNTF. ( H ) Quantification of ( F ). Scale bars, 25 μm for ( D ), 50 μm for ( C ), and 100 μm for ( G ). Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Retroviral, Incubation, Western Blot, Cell Culture

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Non-cell autonomous promotion of astrogenesis at late embryonic stages by constitutive YAP activation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63890-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: YAP 5SA expression ectopically produces SMA + cells. ( A, B ) E13.5 neural progenitor cells transduced with YAP 5SA retroviruses were cultured in differentiation medium for 2 days, and ( A ) qPCR analysis of SMA and FN1 genes and ( B ) coimmunostaining using anti-GFP (green) and anti-SMA (red) antibodies were carried out. Cortical regions of E18.5 brains transduced with YAP 5SA-expressing retroviruses at E13.5 were labeled with ( C ) anti-GFAP (red) and anti-SMA (blue) antibodies, or ( D ) anti-GFP (green) antibody together with anti-SMA (red) or anti-FN1 (red) antibodies. Z-stack views at the position of the red line are shown on the right. LV, lateral ventricle. Scale bars, 20 μm for ( C ), 50 μm for ( D ), and 100 μm for ( B ). Student’s t -test was used to determine statistical significance. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: The wild-type and constitutively active mutant (YAP 5SA) YAP vectors were purchased from Addgene (plasmids #33091 and #33093, respectively) (Cambridge, MA), and subcloned into the MluI site of the retroviral vector MSIG .

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Cell Culture, Labeling